INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL MEDICINE (ISSN:2517-7362)

Waldo Hearne Glanville was born in Dublin (Ireland) in 1904. He spent his early years with his family making one journey to Canada to visit his brother in 1925 when he was a veterinary student. He graduated a Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine in Dublin and was admitted as a Member of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons on 21 July 1927. He arrived in Sudan a year later on 28 November 1928 and took up his position as Veterinary Inspector and was initially posted to Kassala in the east of the country. Glanville served in Halfa Province in the extreme north of Sudan during 1930 and part of 1931. Upper Nile Province in the south was his next posting where he served until 1934. Posted to Khartoum at the beginning of 1935 he remained there until the middle of 1941. From early 1939 until mid 1941 he doubled his general work as Registrar (Principal) of the newly established veterinary school and was promoted to the newly established cadre of Senior Veterinary Inspector just before the end of this period. He then spent almost two years as Senior Veterinary Inspector in Kordofan Province in the west of the country before returning to Khartoum as Director Designate at the beginning of 1944. Glanville was awarded the Order of the Nile, Fourth Class for his services by the King of Egypt concurrently with being appointed Director towards the end of 1944. During this World War II period he also served in the Sudan Defence Force as a Major. In this last capacity he was given an emergency commission as a 2nd Lieutenant in the British Forces in February 1944, he appointment being rescinded in September 1949. Glanville retired as Director in September 1952 and spent his remaining years quietly, attending occasional conferences and writing papers.

Animal diseases; Livestock exports, Veterinary education; Anti-rinderpest vaccine; Animal trypanosomosis

A Sudanese nationalist group wrenched power from Egypt in 1885 and ruled the country until 1898 [1,2]. A Condominium was established between Great Britain and Egypt following the reconquest of Sudan by British and Egyptian armed forces. The initial concern of the veterinary service established in 1902 was the health of the thousands of cavalry, pack and transport animals required to rule the country [3]. Early Principal Veterinary Offices/Directors of Veterinary Service were officers of the British Army Veterinary Corps seconded to the Egyptian Army. In 1924, however, the British War Office decided to stop seconding officers to Egypt. Some already in Sudan resigned their commissions to be immediately employed by the Sudan Defence Force which meant that Directors were still serving military officers. By this time the emphasis of veterinary work had moved away from transport to meat- and milk-producing livestock and prophylactic and curative treatments for production diseases were sought and applied. The export trade also became of considerable importance as a means of earning foreign exchange [4,5].

Waldo Hearne Glanville was the eleventh of the twelve men who were expatriate directors of the Sudan Veterinary Services of the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium between 1899 to the end of 1955 but the first who had no military background on his initial appointment. Glanville served as Veterinary Inspector, Senior Veterinary Inspector and Director of Veterinary Services for 24 years from 1928 to 1952. 

Waldo Hearne Glanville was born, the tenth child of 12 sired by his father, on 8 November 1904 at Ben-Inagh, Rock Road, Dublin, Ireland (Figure 1), the son of an elderly father Edward Samuel Glanville (born 16 August 1844 in Walkerstown, Kilkenny West) and his much younger second wife Selina Agnes Vance (born 4 September 1864 in Bandon). Waldo’s birth was registered in the Rathdown Registration District [6].

At the census of Ireland taken on Sunday 11 April 1911 Waldo Hearne Glanville was 6 years old and living with his parent and siblings at House 2, Rock Road in Blackrock Number 1 in Dublin [7]. His father was a Marble Merchant aged 66, his mother was aged 46 and had been married for 19 years, and had borne 7 children (there were 8 in the household as the eldest was Glanville senior’s daughter by a previous marriage)¹ . All five children older than Waldo could read and write, he could read whereas the younger siblings could do neither. The family was unusual in that it followed the Methodist faith which comprised only 1.4% of the Irish population of 4.4 million² .

Waldo spent the early years of his life with his parents and several of his siblings. The family kept a pet donkey in the grounds of their large house which was ridden bareback by Waldo: it was perhaps from this early beginning that Waldo developed his life-long love (as indeed is the case for many vets) of all things equine and especially riding and racing³ . In his teens, however, and faithful to his family religious beliefs, he was a pupil at the well-known and well-respected Wesley College, a Methodist foundation in the Balanteer suburb of Dublin4 . At school he received letters (Appendix A) from his older brother Arthur who had joined the Royal Dublin Fusiliers early in 1917 and who had been wounded and captured by the German enemy and who also sent him a drawing of the dugout in which Arthur’s unit sheltered from artillery barrage (Figure 2). Waldo was obviously s diligent scholar as in one postcard from his brother he is congratulated for winning a prize (Figure 3) [9,10].

The 2^nd Blackrock Boy Scout troop was established in 1911. Waldo and at least some of his brothers were founder members and in 1915, aged 10, Waldo became the youngest ever King’s Scout5 . By 1923 many of the boys were in their late teens and a 1^st  Stilloran Rover (boys over 18 years of age) Troop [11] was formed in December 1923. Eight members of this Troop took part in the first week of August 1924 in the Imperial Jamboree Camp at Wembley as members of the [Irish] Free State contingent. One of the eight was Waldo Hearne and another was his younger brother Robert Ranulf (their older brother Edward George was the District Scoutmaster) (Figure 4). Waldo’s role at the Jamboree was Officer Commanding Knots. The Glanville brothers won the half-mile relay sports event. Early in 1925 Waldo took the Parade service at the Easter camp with seven members of the Stillorgan Troop present [11].

Later in 1925 Waldo Glanville aged 20 sailed from Southampton to Quebec, where he arrived on board the RMS Antonia on 11 July with fifty dollars in his possession. His nationality was listed as Irish, his father paid for his passage and the purpose of his voyage was to visit his brother Eric Vance Glanville although his first address was the Neptune Hotel in Quebec [12]^6,7.

Glanville graduated from University College Dublin in 1927 with a Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine (MVB) degree and was registered as a Member of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (MRCVS) on 21 July 1927 [13].

Waldo Earne Glanville, aged 23, sailed from Liverpool on 2 November 1928 on board the SS Shropshire (Bibby Line), contracted to land at Port Sudan. He was a veterinary surgeon whose last address had been Ben Inagh, Blackrock (that is, he had been living in the family home in Dublin) [14]. He arrived in Sudan on 18 November 1928 to take up duties as a Veterinary Inspector with the Sudan Veterinary Services (SVS) (Table 1). It is not known how he was recruited to this position. All previous personnel who had become Directors of the SVS, with one exception, had been officers of the Royal Army Veterinary Corps originally seconded to the Egyptian Army. The exception was William Kennedy, Director from 1924 to 1934, the first “civilian director” (although he had military experience in Kenya) and the only one to be appointed from outside Sudan and with no experience of the country [15].

For his first two years in Sudan Waldo was based in Kassala Province, on the boundary with Eritrea and Ethiopia in the east of the country. He then spent about a year in the extreme north of the country in Halfa Province: this was an important station as it bordered on Egypt and was a main quarantine station for the export of stock to that country. Next Glanville was in Upper Nile Province in the south where he spent more than three years. In addition to its remoteness and extreme climate Upper Nile posed other problems. The presence of tsetse flies gave rise to trypanosomosis not encountered over much of the north. The indigenous people were Nilotic (and Christian or animist) as opposed to the Arab ethnics (mainly Muslim) of the northern areas. A laboratory to produce anti-rinderpest serum was established in the capital city of Malakal and it may have been this that resulted in his posting to Khartoum in 1934.

Considerable progress had been made in the prevention and control of disease by the time Glanville arrived in Sudan in 1928. Unfortunately the world’s economic crisis of the late 1920s and 1930s coincided with years of poor or moderate rains and difficult grazing conditions over most of the central Sudan. A major epizootic of rinderpest – the worst for many years -- occurred in 1930 when over 15 000 deaths – nearly half in Kordofan Province -- were reported. Much of the main cattle producing areas was affected. The disease was, however, brought under control in 1932. Three major factors contributed to the good outcome: first, the confidence of the herders in the Department had increased and they now regularly reported disease occurrence; second, the wider use of motor transport from 1929 greatly reduced the problems of mobility and access; and, third, local production of anti-rinderpest serum and spleen-tissue vaccine proved beneficial. Output never fully met the demand but sufficient serum was produced for reserves to be held at strategic points to ensure prompt action as outbreaks were reported. Local authorities were also keen to have their own staff and in 1929 the first tribal veterinary retainers were trained and appointed and, as numbers grew, became invaluable additions to the field staff [4,5].

In 1933 the veterinary budget was £E 29,480 some 20% higher than in 1913. It was cut even further in 1934 but by 1939 had risen to £E 38,000. This munificent sum, however, represented only 0.78% of all government expenditure. The unwillingness to invest in veterinary services, including research education, vaccination and building and maintenance of quarantine stations was extremely short sighted but reflected the government attitude that “cotton (that is the Gezira scheme) was king” [17].

The often difficult living conditions in Sudan were leavened to some extent by social evenings at cards or billiards, albeit with a very limited circle of participants, and by polo matches and horse racing. There was further mitigation of the harsh and Spartan lifestyle by an annual home leave of three months duration. Travel was in the First Class luxury of the top ocean liners of the day. Glanville benefited from and took advantage of this right as can be seen from his personal records (Table 1) and this by now handsome gentleman (Figure 5, who had matured from the “golden boy” image of his youth (see Figure 4)) would undoubtedly have been popular and in demand at the dinner table and for games and dances. In 1935, aged 31 and described as a civil servant, he left the Port of London on board the SS Mantola of the British India Steam Navigation Company on 29 June bound for Port Sudan. His last address had been 23West Hill, Highgate (Figure 6) [15]. Similarly, in 1936 Mr WH Glanville aged 31, a government official, sailed from Liverpool on 10 October with destination Port Sudan on board the City of London of the Ellermans City Line with his last address being 16 Thorndale Avenue, Belfast (Figure 7) [18]⁸ . 

On both the 1935 and 1936 UK to Sudan trips Glanville was accompanied by his wife Mrs Sara Glanville aged 25 in the former and aged 26 in the latter year. In this second year, in fact, Mrs Sarah Gordon [sic] Glanville age 25 had arrived without her husband in London on 2 May 1936 (he was due to depart on leave 23 July, Table 1) on board the SS Mantola of the British India Steam Navigation Company Ltd. She had travelled Saloon Class and was going to 16 Thorndale Avenue, Belfast Northern Ireland [19] whence she departed with her husband for Sudan on 10 October [20]. Mrs Glanville had been Miss Sarah Doreen (“Sally”) Tierney until 25 April 1935 when she married Waldo Hearn Glanville. Sally was a daughter of James Patrick Tierney (1869-1959) and Fanny Patterson (1876-1958): James was a Catholic whereas Fanny was a Presbyterian [21]. Sarah Doreen (“Sally”) Tierney was born at 43 Cavehill Road, Belfast on 26 May 1910 [22]. Waldo had met Sally in Belfast when he was staying with his cousins while he was on leave from the Sudan. Sally had been brought up as a Roman Catholic so her marriage, as for that of her parents, to one of another faith was rather unusual. Sally was a very proficient swimmer and held several national titles before her marriage and move to Sudan where she no doubt made full use of the large swimming pool at the senior civil servants club on the banks of the Nile. She was also an excellent singer and a keen entertainer and contributed to the social life of the expatriate community by keeping “open house” in Khartoum, always welcoming travellers, those passing through on business and fellow civil servants in Khartoum from “up country”.

There was home leave again in 1937 when Mr Waldo Glanville age 31 Government Servant and Mrs Sarah Glanville age 26 sailed from Port Sudan on board the City of Simla of City Line. They arrived at Liverpool on 29 April going to 15 Garville Avenue, Rathgar, Dublin (Figure 8) [23]⁹.

Meanwhile, Glanville had been posted to Khartoum at the beginning of 1935, where he was to remain until the middle of 1941. From early 1939 until late 1941 Waldo Glanville was given additional responsibility to his normal veterinary duties as Registrar (Principal) of the recently formed Veterinary School. The existence of a driving licence dated 1940 (Figure 9) shows that he was also serving in the Sudan Defence Force at this time but no other indication of this has been found.

The first anti-rinderpest serum had been produced in 1928 and by 1936 a total of 125, 000 doses was available for use. Spleen tissue vaccine against rinderpest was first produced in 1931 but shortage of funds prevented its regular production until 1935 when 41 000 doses were issued, making it possible for the first time to provide certain protection to all export cattle. A vaccine against Contagious Bovine Pleuro-Pneumonia (CBPP) had also been developed and the 50 000 doses produced annually proved sufficient to meet the demand. Rinderpest was still widespread but no longer epizootic. The number of professional staff was gradually increased to its previous level and with more disease control work delegated staff could be deployed in other directions. At this stage in the mid 1930s horses were still essential for carrying the inspectors round their areas and were also valuable for recreational purposes. Casualties from African Horse Sickness, especially among exotic crossbreds had been very high, but no cases occurred among the many thousands of horses vaccinated in 1936. The development of animal industry and of veterinary education for local personnel were two of the main pre-occupations during the next six years. As such the first students graduated in January 1940 (Figure 10) [4]. Many who gained the Diploma in Veterinary Science were sent to England for postgraduate training: one such obtained a rare veterinary qualification of the time – a Diploma in Bacteriology -- and went on to become Professor of Bacteriology, Dean of the Veterinary School and Vice chancellor of the University of Khartoum, Minster of Health, Minister of Education and in 1963 was made an Associate of the RCVS.

Promotion to the newly created cadre of Senior Veterinary Inspector was given to Glanville in mid 1941. He was then posted to El Obeid, the capital of Kordofan Province and one of the major livestock areas of the country, where he stayed until the end of 1943 (Table 1). Whilst in Kordofan he received a letter dated 4 April 1942 from Sir Hubert Huddleston, the Governor of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, praising the work of the Sudan Veterinary Service and thanking Glanville and his wife for their hospitality [24].

A return to Khartoum took place on 1 January 1944 and Glanville was now Director Designate (Table 1). At this time he also received an Emergency Commission, in the lowly rank of 2nd Lieutenant, in the British Regular Army through his position as an officer in the Sudan Defence Force [25]:

Waldo Hearne Glanville took over as Director of Veterinary Services on 1 July 1944 when four Veterinary Inspector positions were vacant due to the exigencies of the Second World War. At this period also the Veterinary Department ceased to have responsibility for veterinary education when the Khartoum Veterinary School became a part of the Gordon Memorial College although a full-time Registrar and part-time lecturers continued to be supplied by the Department until 1948 when staff was recruited directly by the College. Annual home leave had in general been stopped for several years but perhaps this was compensated to some extent for (the now Major in the Sudan Defence Force) Waldo Hearne Glanville by the award of the Order of the Nile, Fourth Class by the King of Egypt for the “valuable services rendered” to the country [26]¹⁰.

At the same time as Glanville was elevated to Director of the Department, Joshua Timothy Richard Evans – who was to succeed to the Directorship on Glanville’s retirement and become the twelfth and last expatriate Director of the veterinary service – was promoted to Senior Veterinary Research Officer and took over the Research Section. From 1944 to 1952 Glanville and Evans became leaders of a team that was to see a remarkable expansion of Sudan’s veterinary services. The good news at this time was, however, that following the end of World War II, home leave had been reinstated. Waldo, aged 41, a Civil servant who had last lived in Sudan and wife Sarah D Glanville aged 35 arrived at Southampton on 29 August 1945 on board the SS Sibajak of the Royal Rotterdam Lloyd Line heading for their address at Creagh House, Toome Bridge, Northern Ireland [27]. 

It seems that the experiences during World War II had finally convinced the Government that domestic livestock were important to the national economy of the country. A Livestock and Veterinary Policy Committee of the Board of Economics and Trade was formed in 1946. This comprised the Director of Economics and Trade (Chairman), the Director of Veterinary Services, the Director of Agriculture and Forests and a representative of the Administration. The Terms of Reference were: “To study the livestock problems of the country as a whole and to make suggestions [...] for the country’s future livestock and veterinary policy in all its aspects, including animal husbandry and dairying”. The broad lines of policy laid down were that it was wasteful to allow death from disease to be the factor controlling animal numbers and that mass immunisation against, or treatment of, the major killing diseases should be started [4,5].

As livestock numbers were expected to increase as a result of implementation of the policy it was also decided that more water supplies should be made available in rural areas so that potential grazing grounds could be opened. In addition efforts should be made to find outlets for increased stock through higher exports of live animals and meat in frozen, dehydrated or canned form. Increased efforts were also to be made to improve the quality of livestock products and especially hides. It was further recommended that the intake of the Veterinary School should be increased and that more personnel should be recruited, especially in the Research Section [4,5].

In 1947 four new Veterinary Inspectors and two Research Officers were recruited and an Inspector of Hides and a Pasture Research Officer also joined the Department. Production of rinderpest vaccine increased to an unprecedented level with the increase in laboratory staff, extensions to the Khartoum laboratory and the building of a new laboratory at Nyala. Mass immunisation against rinderpest started in Darfur Province in 1947 and shortly as many as 400 000 cattle were being vaccinated each campaign season. The difficulties to be overcome in a campaign such as this were considerable as communications in the province were primitive, especially during the rainy season and the nomadic way of life of the cattle owners was a further constraint. Nonetheless the campaign was extended to the other main cattle provinces and by 1950, when attenuated goat virus vaccine came into general use, it was possible to deal with rinderpest in the most effective way. There were still problems, however, with trypanosomosis and CBPP. The southern regions were worst affected by the tsetse-borne trypanosomosis, no effective drug existed during a serious outbreak in 1946 and there was the threat of serious political repercussions and tribal unrest. Early in 1947, however, Dimidium bromide came on to the market and after hurriedly undertaken field trials an intensive curative campaign was launched and 300 000 cattle were inoculated in just a few weeks. Antrycide was introduced shortly afterwards (much of the preliminary field work to prove the drug was carried out in Sudan in collaboration with the veterinary research staff) and many hundreds of thousands of cattle were treated with Antrycide over the next few years. Subsequently although the prophylactic action of the drug was of short duration it was unlikely that trypanosomosis would ever again assume epidemic proportions [4,5].

Consequent on effective control of rinderpest and trypanosomosis, livestock numbers increased and overstocking in many districts facilitated the spread of CBPP. The disease had always been endemic in the western provinces of Darfur and Kordofan. Postwar prosperity had stimulated the demand for meat in the urban areas of central Sudan and along the Nile and resulted in increased cattle movement from west to east and greater volumes of trade made CBPP more difficult to control. Mass vaccinations of over 1 million doses in some areas had failed to reduce the incidence of CBPP and drove the Research Section to concentrate on producing a more effective vaccine [4,5].

Until early 1948 Glanville was still being described as Major in Sudan Staff Lists (Table 1). He then reverted to being plain Director and now not even Mister. Later in that year, in October, an international meeting was held in Nairobi, the purpose of which was to discuss methods and strategies for containing the spread of rinderpest on the continent. An untitled and unattributed paper but certainly written by Glanville and deposited in the Durham University Sudan Archives provides a report of the meeting [28]. Convened by Britain, France and Belgium participants from the veterinary services of at least 24 African countries, the FAO and the (British) East African High Commission attended the conference. The country representatives provided brief situation reports of their own situation with regard to rinderpest (some of which Glanville found difficult to believe!) and Glanville and the Sudan’s Senior Veterinary Research Officer presented the Sudan situation. Following rounds of discussions it was concluded that “control of Rinderpest with a view to complete eradication is desirable and necessary in the interests of Africa as a whole”. In order to achieve this goal, however, it was recommended that vaccination against the disease of all susceptible cattle should be compulsory and free and that an African Rinderpest Organization should be created which would be supported financially by the countries attending the conference on a pro-rata basis. Participants agreed that eradication of the disease from Africa was a realistic option and should be carried out. Thus arose for the first time the concept of a pan-national rinderpest eradication campaign, a concept that was in no small part due to the forward thinking of Glanville and some of his international associates.

The Inter-African Bureau of Animal Resources (IBAR) was established in 1951 charged with eliminating rinderpest from Egypt and sub-Saharan Africa. The need for a coordinated effort for rinderpest eradication was recognized but it was not until 1961 that a multi-national joint project (coming to be known was initiated JP15) under the auspices of the Organization of African Unity (OAU). The goal of JP15, implemented from 1962 to 1979 in 22 African countries, at an estimated cost of USD 16.4 million funded by African national governments, the European Development Fund (EDF), USAID and the Governments of the United Kingdom, Germany and Canada. was to vaccinate all cattle of all ages every year for three successive years by using live attenuated vaccines which conferred a durable immunity. Rinderpest had been eliminated from most participating countries other than some sporadic outbreaks on the MauritaniaMali border in West Africa and in Ethiopia and South Sudan in East Africa when JP15 terminated. A few years later, however, rinderpest epidemics recurred in more than half of the countries, prompting African heads of State and government to recommend a fresh panAfrican rinderpest eradication campaign in 1981. The Pan-African Rinderpest Campaign (PARC) was established and coordinated by OAU-IBAR in 26 countries between 1986 and 1998 at a total cost of Euro 110.18 million provided mainly by the EU supplemented by bilateral donors such as the United Kingdom, Italy, France, Nigeria and Japan. PARC’s and main activities included mass vaccination, disease surveillance, the restructuring of veterinary services. Towards the end of PARC it was clear that mass vaccination was masking the symptoms of clinical outbreaks and interfering with the use of sero-surveillance as a tool for detecting the presence or confirming the absence of rinderpest. Progressive replacement of mass vaccination by increased surveillance and targeted vaccination around outbreaks was then the new approach. Most sub-Saharan African countries were free from rinderpest when PARC was closed in 1998. Many had then adopted the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) Pathway of declaring provisional freedom from rinderpest but two small foci persisted in Sudan and Somalia (OIE) [29]. On 25 May 2011, the World Organisation for Animal Health announced the free status of the last eight countries not yet recognized (a total of 198 countries were now free of the disease), officially declaring the eradication of the disease [30]. In June 2019 the UK destroyed its stocks of rinderpest virus, held at the Pirbright Institute in Surrey which was most of the world’s retained samples.

In the middle of 1949 Glanville’s Emergency Commission in the British Army was cancelled but he was awarded the 1939-1945 War Medal for his services (Figure 11) [31]:

The Sudan government return of senior staff for September 1952 shows Glanville as “retiring” with JTR Evans as Director Designate (Table 1) [16]. Mr WH Glanville aged 47 and a Civil Servant together with Mrs SD Glanville aged 42 and a Housewife arrived in Liverpool on 24 August 1952. They had travelled from Port Sudan in First Class accommodation on board the SS Yoma of the Henderson Line, were going to Danholm, Quinn’s Road, Shankill, Dublin and were intending to reside permanently in the Irish Free State [32]¹¹.

It is not clear why the Glanvilles went to the Quinn’s Road address but they were not there very long because they bought a King’s River Cottage and its attendant outbuildings located outside Blessington in County Wicklow about 30 km south of Dublin. Here Waldo nd Sally were able to indulge the passion that both of them had for gardening. Waldo was able to do something that he had certainly also enjoyed in Sudan which was shooting, probably both birds and small mammals (Figure 12).

A move from King’s River Cottage to St Bride’s, Ballywaltrim near Bray also in County Wicklow but closer to the Irish Sea and to Dublin took place in the late 1950s. Waldo now worked part time for the Irish Department of Agriculture (later the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries and since 2011 the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine) as a Livestock Inspector for animals passing through Dublin Port. Waldo finally retired fully in the 1970s. The St Bride’s cottage had been in need of substantial renovation and refurbishment so this was a major project. Another task was to convert the large sloping neglected garden into something more to the Glanville’s liking. The result was a remarkable terraced garden that greatly enhanced the property.

At the end of 1981 the Glanvilles were still living at St Bride’s. At this stage Waldo was invited to present a paper at the Durham Sudan Historical Records Conference in April 1982. The invitation came from Sir John Carmichael who was a former Permanent Under-Secretary to the Sudan Ministry of Finance and served as financial and economic adviser to the Sudan Government in the years immediately following independence. Glanville accepted the invitation and produced a paper entitled “Livestock Development, 1899-1956” [33]. This was basically a diachronic account of the veterinary department during the years of the Condominium and similar in most respects to other papers of the same ilk [4, 34]. In the exchanges of correspondence between Glanville and Carmichael the former is invited, along with his wife “Sally” to visit the Carmichael home in Scotland after the Conference.

The couple remained at St Bride’s until the mid1980s. The Alzheimer’s disease that had been slowly creeping up on Sally then required her to be given constant care and she was moved to a nursing home where she could be looked after. Waldo then moved to live with his nephew Robert Patrick (Paddy) Glanville, the son of his older brother Robert Ranulf, and his wife Jane and daughter Clare, at Derryclare, Ballycorus Road, Kilternan, County Dublin. Waldo unlike his wife Sally remained active bright and alert until his death, in his 89th year, on 5 May 1993. In spite of her mental condition Sally did not die until 1996 at the age of 86. The long life together of Waldo and Sally was not blessed by any children, a situation that was of great regret to each of them. They were both cremated in Dublin and their ashes scattered in Wicklow mountains, a location with a long history of family fishing, walking and enjoying picnics.

I am extremely grateful to Timo Tamme, who describes himself as “a medal collector from Dublin”, for drawing my attention to Glanville’s time in the Boy Scouts and for allowing me to use the photographs of Glanville’s World War II medal (Figure 10). John Mitchell kindly provided information on the birth and parentage of Sarah Doreen Tierney (Reference [21]). I asked David Ball, a former colleague in Sudan living in Dublin, if he could help me to locate vital records for Waldo Glanville: he could not but by some stroke of fortune he had worked with a Clare Glanville some years previously and thought (Glanville being a somewhat unusual surname) that she might know something about Waldo. He put me in contact with Dr Clare Glanville Ph.D., who is the grand niece of Waldo, daughter of Robert Patrick (Paddy) Glanville and grand daughter of Robert (Bob) Ranulf Glanville (Footnote 9). Waldo had spent the last years of his life in the household of Clare’s parents Paddy and Jane Glanville. She and her father provided a wealth of personal and family detail, especially for the period after Waldo’s departure from Sudan, which has been incorporated in the text and as illustrations in this document. Immeasurable thanks to both of them.

Letter to Waldo Hearn Glanville from his older brother

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